№3-4 2020
Application. Quality. Market
Analysis of the situation on the titanium market in 2020
A.V. Alexandrov
In 2020, manufacturers of titanium products faced an intense drop in demand in the titanium market. For an objective assessment of the current situation, we will try to analyze and think through the correct response to what is happening in order to avoid the negative consequences of the current downturn.
Keywords: titanium market, titanium alloys, aircraft industry, the application, titanium powder.
Materials science
Titanium constractions strength and deforming allowing for anisotropy
V.V. Travin, A.I. Zmozhniy, G.A. Shevelev
The questions of titanium materials in power equipment anisotropy for strength and shape stability estimation are described. It is demonstrated, how mechanical properties anisotropy has an effect on details and units behavior, when they are loaded. This effect can be both positive and negative. The results of experimental and numerical investigation are presented too.
Keywords: anisotropy, power equipment, elastic properties, plastic deforming, failure, experimental and numerical investigation.
Statistical comparison of strength properties of titanium alloys at elevated temperatures
I.S. Polkin, Yu.B. Egorova, L.V. Davidenko, A.V. Shmyrova
The results of statistical studies of temperature dependences of strength properties of sheets and bars made of titanium alloys of different classes after standard annealing are presented. A comparison of the ultimate tensile strength to rupture of different alloys was made based on cluster analysis, which allowed us to identify 8 groups of alloys with approximately the same intensity of strength reduction in the temperature range of 20–600°C. On the basis of the conducted research, we substantiate polynomial models for estimating typical values of the ultimate strength of bars and sheets depending on the test temperature. Models are proposed that allow predicting the ultimate strength of alloys of different classes at different operating temperatures, if the value of the ultimate strength of the annealed semi-finished product at room temperature is known.
Keywords: titanium alloys, strength properties, test temperature, statistical studies, prediction of properties.
Aspects of the shape-memory effect manifestation in titanium-based and titanium nickelide-based alloys
M.Yu. Kollerov, M.B. Afonina, G.V. Gurtovaya, E.V. Shinaeva
The thermomechanical behavior and shape-memory effect properties of titanium nickelide-based alloys with an ordered crystal structure and a disordered titanium-based solid solution were compared. It was shown that titanium alloys could compete with titanium nickelide in the development of single-firing transforming structures and thermomechanical joints.
Keywords: titanium nickelide, titanium alloys, shape-memory effect.
Modern trends in titanium alloys development for aircraft
A.L. Yakovlev, O.S. Kashapov, S.V. Putyrskiy, E.B. Alekseev, A.S. Kochetkov
The modern directions of titanium alloys development for aircraft are in focus in the present article. The latest achievements in domestic titanium alloys of various classes are presented, including titanium intermetallics and titanium-based composite materials. The amount of titanium in aircraft building can be increased due to a wide range of developed titanium alloys and materials based on them with different properties. Further works in the discussed directions will give the opportunity both to increase service temperatures and properties level of titanium alloys and also generally expand the scope of applications of titanium based materials.
Keywords: titanium alloys, high-strength titanium alloys, structural titanium alloys, heat-resistant titanium alloys, titanium intermetallics, ortho alloys, gamma alloys, titanium aluminides.
Formation of properties of titanium alloys of martensitic and pseudo-β classes when using aerothermoacoustic processing
E.Yu. Remshev, G.A. Vorob'eva, M.S. Kalugina, G.O. Afim’in
The influence of standard thermal and aerothermoacoustic treatment on the structure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys: VT14; VT16; VT23 and TC6 is considered. The relationship between changes in the structure, grain size and properties of alloys is traced. The possibilities of aerothermoacoustic processing to increase the strength of the alloy with simultaneous increase in plasticity due to the grinding of grains and structural components of alloys, changes in the dislocation structure due to the processes of microplastic deformation and recrystallization are shown.
Keywords: titanium alloys, heat treatment, aerothermoacoustic treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties.
Manufacturing technologies
Study of the structure of forging endoprotheses from titanium alloy VT6 after hot stamping
Ch.K. Nguyen, V.I. Polkin
The application of hot stamping in the manufacture of endoprostheses were made from titanium alloy VT6 will improve performance by forming a smaller and more uniform structure. In addition to obtaining high-quality products, the economic efficiency of endoprostheses production is also important, for which we considered the possibility of using blanks were obtained in three different ways: longitudinal rolling, rotary forging, and radial-shear rolling. Macro and microstructures of workpieces before and after hot deformation are studied.
Keywords: hot stamping, macro and microstructure, endoprostheses, VT6 alloy.
Processing technologies
Filler metal for titanium alloys fittings bead used in shipbuilding
V.P. Leonov, V.K. Shatalov, V.I. Mikhailov, V.V. Maksimov, A.L. Groshev, M.S. Smakovskiy
The paper reports data on investigation into ship’s titanium alloy fitting bead using a new filler metal which gives significient reduction in labour intensity of filler metal oxidation and beading work.
Keywords: titanium alloys, fittings, bars, oxygen, hardness.
Effect of cold deformation on structure and mechanical properties of high-strength titanium alloy VТ14
Ya.I. Kosmatskiy, K.Yu. Yakovleva, E.A. Gornostaeva, A.G. Illarionov, F.V. Vodolaskiy,
N.A. Barannikova
The work is devoted to the study of the deformation ability of titanium alloy VT14. The obtained results of the study were used in the development of the technology for the production of cold-worked pipes.
Keywords: titanium alloy VT14, high-strength titanium alloy, deformation ability, cold deformation.
Plasma-electrolytic oxidation of products
V.K. Shatalov, A.O. Shtokal
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium alloys is used to provide anticorrosive properties, as well as extreme pressure properties of structures. Usually, PEO is performed by immersing parts in a bath with an aqueous solution of Na3PO4·12H2O. Trisodium phosphate solution ensures environmental safety of the treatment process. In this method, the formation of an oxide layer on the surfaces of large-sized structures occurs by moving electrodes outside the electrolytic bath. The complexity of the PEO process and the method of forming the oxide layer depend on the design of the processed product, overall dimensions, the presence of welded joints of various alloys, the formation of the oxide layer on the entire surface of the part or in some places, the restoration or re-formation of the coating.
The formation of the oxide layer by this method is possible both in stationary conditions and in the conditions of the Assembly area directly on the product. These methods can be successfully used in technologies for creating large-sized products.
Keywords: titanium, plasma electrolytic oxidation, coating, movable electrode, electrolyte.
Features of production of seamless pipes from niobium, tantalum and titanium alloys
S.V. Serikov
The paper presents experimental data and technological research on the manufacture of seamless pipes, mainly capillary sizes, from alloys of niobium, tantalum and titanium. It is shown that not only the temperature regime, but also the rate of deformation has a significant effect on the process of rolling and drawing pipes. To reduce technological routes, the method of deformation in the deformation zone at the peak of plasticity is proposed for consideration. Mathematical relationships are presented to assess the speed of rolling pipes with a maximum stretch without destruction.
Keywords: niobium, tantalum, titanium, ultimate strength, yield strength, relative elongation, dynamic metal toughness, specific fracture work, strain rate, seamless pipe, rolled metal.
Events and anniversaries
To the 90-year anniversary since the birth of Valentin Alexandrov
To the 90-year anniversary since the birth of Nikolai Anoshkin
Analysis of the situation on the titanium market in 2020
A.V. Alexandrov
In 2020, manufacturers of titanium products faced an intense drop in demand in the titanium market. For an objective assessment of the current situation, we will try to analyze and think through the correct response to what is happening in order to avoid the negative consequences of the current downturn.
Keywords: titanium market, titanium alloys, aircraft industry, the application, titanium powder.
Materials science
Titanium constractions strength and deforming allowing for anisotropy
V.V. Travin, A.I. Zmozhniy, G.A. Shevelev
The questions of titanium materials in power equipment anisotropy for strength and shape stability estimation are described. It is demonstrated, how mechanical properties anisotropy has an effect on details and units behavior, when they are loaded. This effect can be both positive and negative. The results of experimental and numerical investigation are presented too.
Keywords: anisotropy, power equipment, elastic properties, plastic deforming, failure, experimental and numerical investigation.
Statistical comparison of strength properties of titanium alloys at elevated temperatures
I.S. Polkin, Yu.B. Egorova, L.V. Davidenko, A.V. Shmyrova
The results of statistical studies of temperature dependences of strength properties of sheets and bars made of titanium alloys of different classes after standard annealing are presented. A comparison of the ultimate tensile strength to rupture of different alloys was made based on cluster analysis, which allowed us to identify 8 groups of alloys with approximately the same intensity of strength reduction in the temperature range of 20–600°C. On the basis of the conducted research, we substantiate polynomial models for estimating typical values of the ultimate strength of bars and sheets depending on the test temperature. Models are proposed that allow predicting the ultimate strength of alloys of different classes at different operating temperatures, if the value of the ultimate strength of the annealed semi-finished product at room temperature is known.
Keywords: titanium alloys, strength properties, test temperature, statistical studies, prediction of properties.
Aspects of the shape-memory effect manifestation in titanium-based and titanium nickelide-based alloys
M.Yu. Kollerov, M.B. Afonina, G.V. Gurtovaya, E.V. Shinaeva
The thermomechanical behavior and shape-memory effect properties of titanium nickelide-based alloys with an ordered crystal structure and a disordered titanium-based solid solution were compared. It was shown that titanium alloys could compete with titanium nickelide in the development of single-firing transforming structures and thermomechanical joints.
Keywords: titanium nickelide, titanium alloys, shape-memory effect.
Modern trends in titanium alloys development for aircraft
A.L. Yakovlev, O.S. Kashapov, S.V. Putyrskiy, E.B. Alekseev, A.S. Kochetkov
The modern directions of titanium alloys development for aircraft are in focus in the present article. The latest achievements in domestic titanium alloys of various classes are presented, including titanium intermetallics and titanium-based composite materials. The amount of titanium in aircraft building can be increased due to a wide range of developed titanium alloys and materials based on them with different properties. Further works in the discussed directions will give the opportunity both to increase service temperatures and properties level of titanium alloys and also generally expand the scope of applications of titanium based materials.
Keywords: titanium alloys, high-strength titanium alloys, structural titanium alloys, heat-resistant titanium alloys, titanium intermetallics, ortho alloys, gamma alloys, titanium aluminides.
Formation of properties of titanium alloys of martensitic and pseudo-β classes when using aerothermoacoustic processing
E.Yu. Remshev, G.A. Vorob'eva, M.S. Kalugina, G.O. Afim’in
The influence of standard thermal and aerothermoacoustic treatment on the structure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys: VT14; VT16; VT23 and TC6 is considered. The relationship between changes in the structure, grain size and properties of alloys is traced. The possibilities of aerothermoacoustic processing to increase the strength of the alloy with simultaneous increase in plasticity due to the grinding of grains and structural components of alloys, changes in the dislocation structure due to the processes of microplastic deformation and recrystallization are shown.
Keywords: titanium alloys, heat treatment, aerothermoacoustic treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties.
Manufacturing technologies
Study of the structure of forging endoprotheses from titanium alloy VT6 after hot stamping
Ch.K. Nguyen, V.I. Polkin
The application of hot stamping in the manufacture of endoprostheses were made from titanium alloy VT6 will improve performance by forming a smaller and more uniform structure. In addition to obtaining high-quality products, the economic efficiency of endoprostheses production is also important, for which we considered the possibility of using blanks were obtained in three different ways: longitudinal rolling, rotary forging, and radial-shear rolling. Macro and microstructures of workpieces before and after hot deformation are studied.
Keywords: hot stamping, macro and microstructure, endoprostheses, VT6 alloy.
Processing technologies
Filler metal for titanium alloys fittings bead used in shipbuilding
V.P. Leonov, V.K. Shatalov, V.I. Mikhailov, V.V. Maksimov, A.L. Groshev, M.S. Smakovskiy
The paper reports data on investigation into ship’s titanium alloy fitting bead using a new filler metal which gives significient reduction in labour intensity of filler metal oxidation and beading work.
Keywords: titanium alloys, fittings, bars, oxygen, hardness.
Effect of cold deformation on structure and mechanical properties of high-strength titanium alloy VТ14
Ya.I. Kosmatskiy, K.Yu. Yakovleva, E.A. Gornostaeva, A.G. Illarionov, F.V. Vodolaskiy,
N.A. Barannikova
The work is devoted to the study of the deformation ability of titanium alloy VT14. The obtained results of the study were used in the development of the technology for the production of cold-worked pipes.
Keywords: titanium alloy VT14, high-strength titanium alloy, deformation ability, cold deformation.
Plasma-electrolytic oxidation of products
V.K. Shatalov, A.O. Shtokal
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium alloys is used to provide anticorrosive properties, as well as extreme pressure properties of structures. Usually, PEO is performed by immersing parts in a bath with an aqueous solution of Na3PO4·12H2O. Trisodium phosphate solution ensures environmental safety of the treatment process. In this method, the formation of an oxide layer on the surfaces of large-sized structures occurs by moving electrodes outside the electrolytic bath. The complexity of the PEO process and the method of forming the oxide layer depend on the design of the processed product, overall dimensions, the presence of welded joints of various alloys, the formation of the oxide layer on the entire surface of the part or in some places, the restoration or re-formation of the coating.
The formation of the oxide layer by this method is possible both in stationary conditions and in the conditions of the Assembly area directly on the product. These methods can be successfully used in technologies for creating large-sized products.
Keywords: titanium, plasma electrolytic oxidation, coating, movable electrode, electrolyte.
Features of production of seamless pipes from niobium, tantalum and titanium alloys
S.V. Serikov
The paper presents experimental data and technological research on the manufacture of seamless pipes, mainly capillary sizes, from alloys of niobium, tantalum and titanium. It is shown that not only the temperature regime, but also the rate of deformation has a significant effect on the process of rolling and drawing pipes. To reduce technological routes, the method of deformation in the deformation zone at the peak of plasticity is proposed for consideration. Mathematical relationships are presented to assess the speed of rolling pipes with a maximum stretch without destruction.
Keywords: niobium, tantalum, titanium, ultimate strength, yield strength, relative elongation, dynamic metal toughness, specific fracture work, strain rate, seamless pipe, rolled metal.
Events and anniversaries
To the 90-year anniversary since the birth of Valentin Alexandrov
To the 90-year anniversary since the birth of Nikolai Anoshkin
